From the Kingdom of Bohemia, a state located in Central Europe whose capital was Prague. After WW1 the Kingdom was dissolved and became part of the newly formed Czech Republic. During the Renaissance, Bohemia became famous for colourful glass decorated with fine cutting and engraving. Clear glass was also produced in Bohemia. Bohemian glass-workers discovered potash combined with chalk created a clear colourless glass that was more stable than glass from Italy and that could be cut with a wheel. Loetz and Moser are key Bohemian glass workers. The height of popularity for Bohemian art glass was during the Art Nouveau period.

Fine semi-opaque, white and coloured glass, developed by the French in the first half of the 19th century, with a translucent quality.